什么是原型设计模式? 原型设计模式 —> 创建型模式 
传统模式 传统的方式的优缺点 
优点是比较好理解,简单易操作;  
创建新的对象时,总是需要重新获取原始对象的属性,如果创建的对象比较复杂,效率较低;  
总是需要重新初始化对象,而不是动态地获得对象运行时的状态,不够灵活;  
改进的思路:
思路:Java 中 Object 类是所有类的根类,Object 类提供了一个 clone() 方法,该方法可以将一个Java对象复制一份,但是需要实现 clone 的 Java 类必须要实现一个接口 Cloneable,该接口表示该类能够复制且具有复制的能力 => 原型模式。  
 
 
 
Sheep 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 public  class  Sheep   {    private  String name;     private  int  age;     private  String color;     public  Sheep (String name, int  age, String color)   {         this .name = name;         this .age = age;         this .color = color;     }     public  String getName ()   {         return  name;     }     public  void  setName (String name)   {         this .name = name;     }     public  int  getAge ()   {         return  age;     }     public  void  setAge (int  age)   {         this .age = age;     }     public  String getColor ()   {         return  color;     }     public  void  setColor (String color)   {         this .color = color;     }     @Override      public  String toString ()   {         return  "Sheep{"  +                 "name='"  + name + '\''  +                 ", age="  + age +                 ", color='"  + color + '\''  +                 '}' ;     } } 
 
 
Client 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 public  class  Client   {    public  static  void  main (String[] args)   {                  Sheep sheep = new  Sheep("Tom" , 1 , "白色" );         Sheep sheep1 = new  Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());         Sheep sheep2 = new  Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());         Sheep sheep3 = new  Sheep(sheep.getName(), sheep.getAge(), sheep.getColor());         System.out.println("sheep:"  + sheep);         System.out.println("sheep1:"  + sheep1);         System.out.println("sheep2:"  + sheep2);         System.out.println("sheep3:"  + sheep3);     } } 
 
 
原型模式 理解:孙悟空拔出猴毛,变出其他孙悟空 
用原型实例指定创建对象的种类,并且通过拷贝这些原型,创建新的对象;  
允许一个对象再创建另外一个可定制的对象,无需知道如何创建的细节;  
工作原理是通过将一个原型对象传给那个要发动创建的对象,这个要发动创建的对象通过请求原型对象拷贝它们自己来实施创建,即对象 .clone();  
 
Prototype:原型类,声明一个克隆自己的接口; ConcretePrototype:具体的原型类,实现一个克隆自己的操作; Client:让一个原型对象克隆自己,从而创建-一个新的对象(属性一样); 
Prototype Sheep 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 public  class  Sheep  implements  Cloneable   {    private  String name;     private  int  age;     private  String color;     public  Sheep (String name, int  age, String color)   {         this .name = name;         this .age = age;         this .color = color;     }     public  String getName ()   {         return  name;     }     public  void  setName (String name)   {         this .name = name;     }     public  int  getAge ()   {         return  age;     }     public  void  setAge (int  age)   {         this .age = age;     }     public  String getColor ()   {         return  color;     }     public  void  setColor (String color)   {         this .color = color;     }     @Override      public  String toString ()   {         return  "Sheep{"  +                 "name='"  + name + '\''  +                 ", age="  + age +                 ", color='"  + color + '\''  +                 '}' ;     }          @Override      protected  Object clone ()  throws  CloneNotSupportedException  {         Object clone = super .clone();         return  clone;     } } 
 
 
Prototype  Client 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 public  class  Client   {    public  static  void  main (String[] args)  throws  CloneNotSupportedException  {                  Sheep sheep = new  Sheep("Tom" , 1 , "黑色" );         Sheep sheep1 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();         Sheep sheep2 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();         System.out.println("sheep:"  + sheep);         System.out.println("sheep1:"  + sheep1);         System.out.println("sheep2:"  + sheep2);     } } 
 
 
原型模式的注意事项和细节 
创建新的对象比较复杂时,可以利用原型模式简化对象的创建过程,同时也能够提高效率;  
不用重新初始化对象,而是动态地获得对象运行时的状态;  
如果原始对象发生变化(增加或者减少属性),其它克隆对象的也会发生相应的变化,无需修改代码;  
在实现深克隆的时候可能需要比较复杂的代码;  
缺点:需要为每一个类配备一个克隆方法,这对全新的类来说不是很难,但对已有的类进行改造时,需要修改其源代码,违背了ocp原则;  
 
 
原型模式在Spring框架中源码分析 
Spring中原型bean的创建,就是原型模式的应用。  
<bean id=”user” class=”Spring.IOC.User” scope=”prototype“ >   
 
 
浅拷贝 
对于数据类型是基本数据类型的成员变量,浅拷贝会直接进行值传递,也就是将该属性值复制一份给新的对象。前面我们克隆羊就是浅拷贝;  
对于数据类型是引用数据类型的成员变量,比如说成员变量是某个数组、某个类的对象等,那么浅拷贝会进行引用传递,也就是只是将该成员变量的引用值(内存地址)复制一份给新的对象。因为实际上两个对象的该成员变量都指向同一个实例。在这种情况下,在一个对象中修改该成员变量会影响到另一个对象的该成员变量值。  
浅拷贝是使用默认的 clone() 方法来实现的; 
 
 
深拷贝 
复制对象的所有基本数据类型的成员变量值 ; 
为所有引用数据类型的成员变量申请存储空间,并复制每个引用数据类型成员变量所引用的对象,直到该对象可达的所有对象。也就是说,对象进行深拷贝要对整个对象包括对象的引用类型进行拷贝 ; 
深拷贝实现方式1:重写 clone() 方法来实现深拷贝;  
深拷贝实现方式2:通过对象序列化实现深拷贝(推荐) 。 
 
 
DeepCloneableTarget 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 import  java.io.Serializable;public  class  DeepCloneableTarget  implements  Serializable , Cloneable   {    private  static  final  long  serialVersionUID = 1L ;     private  String cloneName;     private  String cloneClass;     public  DeepCloneableTarget (String cloneName, String cloneClass)   {         this .cloneName = cloneName;         this .cloneClass = cloneClass;     }     @Override      public  String toString ()   {         return  "DeepCloneableTarget{"  +                 "cloneName='"  + cloneName + '\''  +                 ", cloneClass='"  + cloneClass + '\''  +                 '}' ;     }          @Override      protected  Object clone ()  throws  CloneNotSupportedException  {         return  super .clone();     } } 
 
 
DeepProtoType 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 import  java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;import  java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;import  java.io.ObjectInputStream;import  java.io.ObjectOutputStream;import  java.io.Serializable;public  class  DeepProtoType  implements  Serializable , Cloneable   {    public  String name;      public  DeepCloneableTarget deepCloneableTarget;     public  DeepProtoType ()   {         super ();     }          @Override      protected  Object clone ()  throws  CloneNotSupportedException  {         Object deep = null ;                  deep = super .clone();                  DeepProtoType deepProtoType = (DeepProtoType) deep;         deepProtoType.deepCloneableTarget = (DeepCloneableTarget) deepCloneableTarget.clone();         return  deepProtoType;     }          public  Object deepClone ()   {                  ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null ;         ObjectOutputStream oos = null ;         ByteArrayInputStream bis = null ;         ObjectInputStream ois = null ;         try  {                          bos = new  ByteArrayOutputStream();             oos = new  ObjectOutputStream(bos);             oos.writeObject(this );                           bis = new  ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());             ois = new  ObjectInputStream(bis);             DeepProtoType copyObj = (DeepProtoType) ois.readObject();             return  copyObj;         } catch  (Exception e) {                          e.printStackTrace();             return  null ;         } finally  {                          try  {                 bos.close();                 oos.close();                 bis.close();                 ois.close();             } catch  (Exception e2) {                                  System.out.println(e2.getMessage());             }         }     } } 
 
 
DeepClone Client 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 public  class  Client   {    public  static  void  main (String[] args)  throws  Exception  {                  DeepProtoType p = new  DeepProtoType();         p.name = "余腾" ;         p.deepCloneableTarget = new  DeepCloneableTarget("Java" , "Py" );                           DeepProtoType p2 = (DeepProtoType) p.deepClone();         System.out.println("p.name="  + p.name + " p.deepCloneableTarget="  + p.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode() + " "  + p.deepCloneableTarget.toString());         System.out.println("p2.name="  + p.name + " p2.deepCloneableTarget="  + p2.deepCloneableTarget.hashCode() + " "  + p.deepCloneableTarget.toString());     } } 
 
感谢阅读 
         
        
        
        
        
        
          
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